{"id":2021,"date":"2020-05-09T22:58:48","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T01:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/?p=2021"},"modified":"2020-05-09T22:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T01:58:48","slug":"o-que-e-um-bloco-de-bitcoin-mineracao-e-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/o-que-e-um-bloco-de-bitcoin-mineracao-e-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ed1i Bitcoin l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c bitcoin, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ed1i\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u1ed1i bitcoin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 blockchain.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf cu\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u0169 h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i bitcoin th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n 500 giao d\u1ecbch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Bitcoin Cash (m\u1ed9t hard fork c\u1ee7a bitcoin) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 8 MB, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201ckhai th\u00e1c\u201d li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 cao, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 bitcoin m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh Bitcoin n\u00e0o s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7; s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong kh\u1ed1i. Bitcoin ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra 50 m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 210.000 kh\u1ed1i (kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i 210.000, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 25 BTC v\u00e0 12,5 BTC s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf kh\u1ed1i 420.000, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn 0 satoshi khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i 6.930.000.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u00eam ch\u00fang v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 6 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i trong n\u0103m 2016 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ea7n), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Bitcoin s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu hai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i 'd\u00e0i h\u01a1n' l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. '\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i' \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cao nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/font> Top: C\u00e1c trang web t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c bitcoin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i<\/strong>
\nTi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 bao g\u1ed3m si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i. Trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

THE h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/strong>. Trong m\u1ed9t blockchain, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed1i N \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i N-1.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c thi khai th\u00e1c<\/strong> . \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y merkle<\/strong>. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m b\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u0103m ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i hai l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA256.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3. B\u0103m kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i trong blockchain. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m, chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y Merkle<\/h2>\n

C\u00e2y merkle ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y b\u0103m nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i.
\nC\u00e2y merkle bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec7 quy c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p n\u00fat (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch), cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1c merkle. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Bitcoin, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103m l\u00e0 SHA256 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/font> Top: S\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p<\/a><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i Bitcoin. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac blockchain.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ao discutir a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de bitcoin, o termo “blocos” geralmente aparece na conversa. No artigo de hoje, dedicaremos um tempo … <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u2026<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dicas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2021\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coinyze.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}